In February 1989, 215 Albanian intellectuals signed an appeal against the curtailment of Kosova’s autonomy (Clark 2000: 50 Maliqi 1990: 273 Kraja 1995: 159). After these demonstrations Kosovar Albanians gained self-confidence, which initially aimed at the defense of Kosova’s autonomy. The first mass rebellion erupted in November 1988 against the changing of the provincial leadership. As in had other parts of Yugoslavia, Kosova also entered a phase of total “ethnic homogenization” of the political disposition of citizens. The Albanian movement in Kosova in the 1990s arose as a reaction to Serbian hegemony. The development of civil resistance in kosova The international community, which had learned from mistakes made from its late response and its prior recognition of the results of fait accompli and of so-called “ethnic cleansing of territories,” acted quickly and more decisively in Kosova to prevent a new genocide. It began employing a “scorched earth” strategy (reprisals against the civilian population, destroying and burning villages and other inhabited places), namely, the same scenario as in previous wars in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The Serbian regime finally got its casus belli, but it was not satisfied only with actions against the KLA so he decided for a so-called “final solution” of the Kosova question. Milosevic’s regime, which was shook up after the loss of local elections and the 100-day demonstrations (November 1996-January 1997), accepted the challenge of the KLA. In the meantime they prepared for rebellion, namely the Kosova Liberation Army (KLA), which emerged in 1997. Militant circles in the Albanian movement considered that the non-violent resistance had failed. The conference caused disappointment among Kosovars because it overlooked the question of Kosova. Kosovar “parallel society” functioned successfully until the Dayton Conference, which ended the war in Bosnia.
Albanian self-restraint made it possible to maintain the status quo, the situation of neither war nor peace in Kosova.( MALIQI 1998, p. The main goal of the Kosovar Albanian movement was the independence of Kosova, but its methods were carefully chosen and it sought support from the international community. The Albanian political movement, which emerged at the end of the 1990s under the leadership of Ibrahim Rugova, took the path of non-violent resistance, of not responding to force in kind. The shift that happened in Kosova also contributed to this development. The sudden shift of the crisis from the margins (Kosova) to the center (Serbian-Croatian conflict) was not caused only by the maneuvers of the Serbian regime.
The aim of the wars was to remove en masse populations of the “wrong ethnicity” from the territories” considered to belong to Serbs ( Rat u Hrvatskoj i BIH, p. The aim of the wars was not the defense of the federation, but the realization of a Greater Serbian state based on the platform of the so-called Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( SANU, 1986 ). 42-43.), it started in Slovenia, as an episode, and then spread into Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Īlthough analyses were predicting that war would erupt in Kosova first ( The Kosova Report, p.
KONFUZ PAH GENERATOR
Yugoslavia since it creation (1918) was a “fragile state” because of the “contradictions between Serbian and Croatian understanding of Yugoslavia.” Kosova in the 1980s served as a “catalyst” and generator of Serbian irredentism ( Maliqi 1989: 69, 178). The disintegration of the federation was a complex process rooted in inherited antagonisms. However, the real cause of the federation’s disintegration was not in Kosova. Kosova and the disintergration of YugoslaviaĪt the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s the crisis of the ex-Yugoslav federation revolved around the Kosova question.
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